我们以模拟实际需求的形式来复习。需求如下：

1. 准备两台centos 6，其中一台机器跑mysql，另外一台机器跑apache和nginx + php

2. 同时安装apache和nginx，其中nginx启动80端口，用来跑静态对象（图片、js、css），apache监听88端口，负责跑动态页（php相关的），并且需要由nginx代理对外访问

3. mysql服务器需要开启慢查询日志

4. 搭建discuz、wordpress以及phpmyadmin，域名分别为bbs.abc.com, blog.abc.com, pma.abc.com

5. 配置discuz的伪静态(nginx)

6. apache不需要记录日志，nginx记录日志，但不记录图片等静态页的日志，并且配置日志切割

7. 配置图片防盗链(nginx)

8. 配置图片缓存7天，js，css缓存1天(nginx)

9. discuz和wordpress访问后台限制一下ip白名单，比如只允许192.168.1.100访问(nginx)

10. phpmyadmin整个站点需要配置用户认证(nginx)

11. 写一个mysql备份的脚本，每天5点执行，需要远程拷贝到web机器上

12. 把除了百度、google外的其他常见搜索引擎蜘蛛封掉，比如（bingbot/2.0、Sogou web spider/4.0、360Spider、YisouSpider、YandexBot/3.0）(nginx)大家好，里面的图片仅供参考，只是一种思路，不要照搬！！

对代理名词的理解：举个例子吧！你是供应商，你手下有一个业务代理，它帮你销售东西出去，如果你想不卖这个东西给某个公司或者地方，是不是给代理说说就好了。那我这里apache是供应商，nginx是代理商，所以nginx响应客户端，他知道客户的请求

实验环境：

1、VMware Workstation 10

2、设备A：MySQL，IP地址：192.168.137.102，HostName：mysql

3、设备B：LAMP环境+nginx代理，IP地址：192.168.137.107，HostName：lanp

4、Linux发行版：Centos 6.7 x86_64；

5、Nginx：http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

6、Apache：httpd-2.2.16.tar.gz

7、PHP：php-5.3.28.tar.gz

8、MySQL:mysql-5.5.42-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

9、discuz：Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip

10、wordpress：wordpress-4.2.2-zh_CN.tar.gz

11、phpmyadmin：phpMyAdmin-4.0.8-all-languages.zip

实验步骤：

设备A：mysql

cd /usr/local/src/tar zxvf mysql-5.5.42-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gzmv mysql-5.5.42-linux2.6-x86_64 /usr/local/mysqlcd /usr/local/mysqlmkdir -p /data/mysqluseradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysqlchown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqlcp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnfcp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqldchmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqldvi /etc/init.d/mysql，basedir=/usr/local/mysql，datadir=/data/mysql./scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql –datadir=/data/mysqlvim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh加入export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/binchkconfig –add mysqldchkconfig mysqld onservice mysqld start

登录mysql授权：grant all on *.* to ‘aming’@’192.168.137.107’ identified by ‘aminglinux.com’;

设备B：LAMP

1. 安装apache

cd /usr/local/src/tar zvxf httpd-2.2.16.tar.gzcd httpd-2.2.16./configure –prefix=/usr/local/apache2 –enable-mods-shared=most –enable-somake&make install

apache加入chkconfig

cp /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpdvim /etc/init.d/httpd

在第一行#!/bin/sh下增加两行文字

# chkconfig: 35 70 30# description: Apachechkconfig –level 35 httpd on

2. 安装php

cd /usr/local/src/tar zxvf php-5.3.28.tar.gzcd php-5.3.28./configure –prefix=/usr/local/php –with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc –with-libxml-dir –with-gd –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-freetype-dir –with-iconv-dir –with-zlib-dir –with-bz2 –with-openssl –with-mcrypt –enable-soap –enable-gd-native-ttf –enable-mbstring –enable-sockets –enable-exif –disable-ipv6 –with-mysql=mysqlnd –with-mysqli=mysqlnd –with-pdo-mysql=mysqlndmake&make installcp /usr/local/src/php-5.3.28/php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

3、 配置apache结合php

vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

找到:

AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

在该行下面添加:

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

找到:

DirectoryIndex index.html

将该行改为:

DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php

找到:

#ServerName www.example.com:80

修改为:

ServerName localhost:80

vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf找到：Options FollowSymLinksAllowOverride NoneOrder deny,allowDeny from all

改为：

Options FollowSymLinksAllowOverride NoneOrder deny,allowAllow from all

测试LAMP环境：在浏览器访问192.168.137.107，如果显示IT Works！表示LAMP环境搭建成功

mkdir datacd data

在data目录分别创建bbs、blog、pma目录

4.解压discuz并把upload下的内容移到bbs下

cd /usr/local/srcunzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zipmv upload/* /data/bbs

5.解压wordpress并把wordpress下的内容移到blog下

[root@lanp src]# tar zxvf wordpress-4.2.2-zh_CN.tar.gz[root@lanp src]# mv wordpress/* /data/blog

6.解压phpmyadmin并把phpMyAdmin-4.0.8-all-languages下的内容移到pma下

[root@lanp src]# unzip phpMyAdmin-4.0.8-all-languages.zip[root@lanp src]# mv phpMyAdmin-4.0.8-all-languages/* /data/pma

7.把apache端口改成88：进入apache主配置文件，把lisen 80改成88

8.[root@lanp ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf（添加三个虚拟主机，并把80端口改成88）

#ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.comDocumentRoot “/data/bbs”ServerName bbs.abc.com#ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.comErrorLog “logs/bbs.abc.com-error_log”CustomLog “logs/bbs.abc.com-access_log” common#ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.comDocumentRoot “/data/blog”ServerName blog.abc.comErrorLog “logs/blog.abc.com-error_log”CustomLog “logs/blog.abc.com-access_log” common#ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.comDocumentRoot “/data/pma”ServerName pma.abc.comErrorLog “logs/pma.abc.com-error_log”CustomLog “logs/pma.abc.com-access_log” common

检查配置文件是否有语法错误：

[root@lanp ~]# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -tSyntax OK

检查88端口是否监听

[root@lanp ~]# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart[root@lanp ~]# netstat -lnp

9.在真机win上的host文件里绑定ip和虚拟主机域名（host文件路径：C/windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts

192.168.137.107 bbs.abc.com blog.abc.com pma.abc.com

10.安装discuz

在浏览器访问bbs.abc.com/install/，会出现discuz图形安装界面，点我同意，出现很多目录不可写，为啥不可写呢？因为ps aux |grep httpd，httpd是以daemon用户运行。所以需要把discuz中不可写的目录的属主和属组改成daemon，chown -R daemon:daemon config/ data uc_client/data uc_server/data

回到浏览器刷新，下一步，再全新安装discuz

在mysql中创建discuz库并授权一个用户

mysql> create database discuz;mysql> grant all on *.* to ‘aming’@’192.168.137.107’ identified by ‘aminglinux.com’;mysql> flush privileges;

回到discuz浏览器，数据库名为discuz，数据库用户名为aming，数据库密码aminglinux.com

到此discuz论坛安装完毕

11.安装wordpress

在mysql中创建blog库

mysql> create database blog;

在浏览器中访问blog.abc.com：88进行安装http://s1.51cto.com/wyfs02/M00/78/4C/wKiom1Z6BiTyW7WFAAD-3ngXLGQ414.png根据错误提示，在blog目录下创建wp-config.php然后把浏览器中方框内信息拷贝至wp-config.php目录

12.安装phpmyadmin

cp libraries/config.default.php config.inc.php

更改

$cfg[‘Servers’][$i][‘user’] = ‘root’;$cfg[‘Servers’][$i][‘password’] = ‘yourrootpassword’;$cfg[‘Servers’][$i][‘host’] = ‘yourdbip’;$cfg[‘Servers’][$i][‘auth_type’] = ‘config’;##认证模式

在浏览器中访问pma.abc.com：88进行安装

13.安装nginx

[root@lanp src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz[root@lanp src]# tar zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz[root@lanp nginx-1.6.2]# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx –with-pcremake &make install

nginx启动脚本和配置文件

vim /etc/init.d/nginx //加入如下内容#!/bin/bash# chkconfig: – 30 21# description: http service.# Source Function Library. /etc/init.d/functions# Nginx SettingsNGINX_SBIN=”/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx”NGINX_CONF=”/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf”NGINX_PID=”/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid”RETVAL=0prog=”Nginx”start() {echo -n $”Starting $prog: “mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_tempdaemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONFRETVAL=$?echoreturn $RETVAL}stop() {echo -n $”Stopping $prog: “killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERMrm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_tempRETVAL=$?echoreturn $RETVAL}reload(){echo -n $”Reloading $prog: “killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUPRETVAL=$?echoreturn $RETVAL}restart(){stopstart}configtest(){$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -treturn 0}case “$1” instart)start;;stop)stop;;reload)reload;;restart)restart;;configtest)configtest;;*)echo $”Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}”RETVAL=1esacexit $RETVAL

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginxchkconfig –add nginxchkconfig nginx onservice nginx startservice nginx configtest#（检测配置文件，configtest相当于-t）vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #清空原来的配置，加入如下内容

user nobody nobody;worker_processes 2;error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;events{use epoll;worker_connections 6000;}http{include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;server_names_hash_max_size 4096;log_format combined_realip ‘$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]’‘$host “$request_uri” $status’‘”$http_referer” “$http_user_agent”‘;sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;keepalive_timeout 30;client_header_timeout 3m;client_body_timeout 3m;send_timeout 3m;connection_pool_size 256;client_header_buffer_size 1k;large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;request_pool_size 4k;output_buffers 4 32k;postpone_output 1460;client_max_body_size 10m;client_body_buffer_size 256k;client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;fastcgi_intercept_errors on;tcp_nodelay on;gzip on;gzip_min_length 1k;gzip_buffers 4 8k;gzip_comp_level 5;gzip_http_version 1.1;gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml;include vhosts/*.conf;}cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/mkdir vhoststouch discuz.conftouch pma.conftouch blog.conf14.discuz.confserver{listen 80;server_name bbs.abc.com;index index.html index.htm index.php;root /data/bbs;#根据user_agent控制if ($http_user_agent ~ ‘bingbot/2.0|MJ12bot/v1.4.2|Spider/3.0|YoudaoBot|Tomato|Gecko/20100315’){return 403;}location ~ admin.php {allow 192.168.31.141;deny all;proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;proxy_set_header Host $host;}location ~ \.php$ {proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;proxy_set_header Host $host;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;}location ~ .*\.(js|css)?${expires 24h;access_log off;}location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$ {expires 7d;valid_referers none blocked server_names *.abc.com *.a.com *.b.com *.baidu.com\*.google.com *.google.cn *.soso.com ;if ($invalid_referer) {return 403;#rewrite ^/ http://www.example.com/nophoto.gif;}access_log off;}rewrite ^([^\.]*)/topic-(.+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=topic&topic=$2 last;rewrite ^([^\.]*)/forum-(\w+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=$2&page=$3 last;rewrite ^([^\.]*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last;rewrite ^([^\.]*)/group-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=group&fid=$2&page=$3 last;rewrite ^([^\.]*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/home.php?mod=space&$2=$3 last;rewrite ^([^\.]*)/(fid|tid)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/index.php?action=$2&value=$3 last;access_log /home/logs/discuz.log combined_realip;

 

检测nginx配置文件：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

重启

nginx：service nginx restart

在浏览器访问bbs.abc.com，是可以正常进入discuz页面的。

15.blog.conf配置(参考 http://www.upupw.net/nginxhelp/n33.html)

server{listen 80;server_name blog.abc.com;index index.html index.htm index.php;root /data/blog;location /wp-admin/ {allow 127.0.0.1;deny all;location ~ \.php$ {proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;proxy_set_header Host $host;}}location / {proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88/;proxy_set_header Host $host;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;}}

检测nginx配置文件是否有语法错误：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

重启nginx：

service nginx restart

在浏览器访问：blog.abc.com，是可以访问的

16.配置pma.conf

server{listen 80;server_name pma.abc.com;index index.html index.htm index.php;root /data/pma;location / {auth_basic “Auth”;auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;location ~ \.php$ {proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;proxy_set_header Host $host;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;}}}

检测nginx配置文件是否有语法错误：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

重启nginx：

service nginx restart

浏览器访问：pma.abc.com是可以访问到的

17、配置nginx的日志切割

[root@lanp vhosts]# vim /usr/local/sbin/logrotate.sh#!/bin/bashd=`date -d “-1 day” +%Y%m$d`/bin/mv /home/logs/discuz.log /home/logs/discuz_$d.log/etc/init.d/nginx reload >/dev/null 2>/dev/nullcd /home/logsgzip discuz_$d.log

18、mysql备份脚本无需密码通过ssh执行rsync来同步文件的方法可以参考http://www.jb51.net/article/60192.htm

vim mysqlbak.sh#!/bin/bashsource /etc/profiled=`date +%F`/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p838024 wordpress >/data/mysqlbak/$d.wordpresssql/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p838024 discuz >/data/mysqlbak/$d.discuzsql/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p838024 phpmyadmin >/data/mysqlbak/$d.phpmyadminsqlrsync -avLupz -e “ssh -p 22” /data/mysqlbak/ 192.168.137.107:/tmp/

再把脚本放进crontab计划任务

chmod a+x mysqlbak.shcrontab -e*/3 * * * * /root/shell/mysqlbak.sh

关于rsync命令：

本地和远程需要安装rsync和openssh-clients

yum install rsync和yum install openssh-clients